Glucosamine Sulfate - capsules Product Narrative, T. S. Fox, Ph.D. Glucosamine sulfate is the preferred form of glucosamine for providing cartilage repair material for osteoarthritis recovery. I, personally, have successfully used Rimadyl (225 mg. daily), Glucosamine Sulfate for Animals (two grams twice daily) and Liver Health for Animals (0.750 grams twice daily) to counter severe osteoarthritis in 65 to 85 lb. dogs. Rimadyl is discontinued after three weeks and the glucosamine sulfate decreased to 1 gram daily after six weeks. The Milk Thistle - 6% silymarin - and the glucosamine sulfate are continued as geriatric supplements. Glucosamine sulfate has a mildly objectionable taste that may be masked with a good tasting carrier such as ground meat. Glucosamine is contraindicated for patients with diabetes. Glucosamine is not a botanical. It is a natural product and is clearly a medicine of importance in veterinary medicine. There are a lot of concoctions on the market. There always is someone who will come up with some farce and put enough hype in the air to sell it to someone. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) Chondroitin Sulfate Glucosamine HCl N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) Mixtures of these. All of these are inferior to unadulterated glucosamine sulfate. The facts are: Chondroitin sulfate is a huge molecule, molecular weight is approximately 50,000. Its bio-availability is near zero, no more than 13% by the most favorable report. Glucosamine bio-availability is 90% to 98%. Chondroitin sulfate is expensive. Glucosamine HCL is moderately effective but is not as bio-available as glucosamine sulfate and it is more expensive. There is no, absolutely no, convincing evidence that MSM is effective. It appears that MSM is a catchy name that has gained a following. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) has no advantage over glucosamine. The mixtures of these things are only mixtures of things that are expensive, don’t work well and if mixed with glucosamine sulfate make it more expensive and the efficacy of the mixtures is less than that of glucosamine sulfate alone. Glucosamine sulfate is the preferred form and is the least expensive. Glucosamine is not a complex molecule. C6ONH2(OH)4 It is manufactured in the body and it stimulates the synthesis of glycoaminoglycans (GAG). It also potentiates the incorporation of sulfur into cartilage. This is one of the reasons glucosamine sulfate is the preferred form of glucosamine. There are over 300 studies on glucosamine sulfate and few on MSM, NAG and GHCl. Those that do exist are negative or published, largely unrefereed by those wishing to sell their products. Some authors are so down on everything but glucosamine sulfate that they deny the GHCl has any merit whatsoever. From the literature and personal experience with horses and dogs, it is believed that glucosamine sulfate is clearly the star and other concoctions are just that -- concoctions. There is however merit to glucosamine-HCl. Glucosamine sulfate is an anti-inflammatory alternative to NSAIDS, aspirin, licorice, etc. Licorice used with glucosamine sulfate for arthritis is effective. Glucosamine sulfate works - 5 to 10 days and results are apparent. DISCLAIMER We did not invent botanical medicines and we do not recommend that the use of botanical medicines should be undertaken on the strength of our restatement of historical usage and documented research. We do restate well documented traditional efficacy and the results of ongoing research. Personal experience is included where deemed appropriate. Regardless of the merits of any plant medicine, side effects do sometimes occur. These may be real or imagined. Always seek the counsel and advice of qualified medical professionals and use caution with any medication, plant derived or otherwise. We do not accept responsibility for the use or misuse of any product put forth or any information provided. NOTES Oral dosages as given are for carnivores by body weight. It is advised to dose low initially and adjust upwards as the circumstances direct. Do not scale up dosages for large herbivores by their weight! Large herbivores, such as cattle or horses, usually require approximately twice the dosage of a 200 lb. carnivore. Terrence S. Fox, Ph.D., the founder of Buck Mountain Botanicals, Inc. is a life member of United Plant Savers, a member of the American Holistic Veterinary Medicine Association, a member of the Veterinary Botanical Medicine Association and is Treasurer of the Veterinary Research Council, Inc. Dr. Fox is deeply involved in researching the global literature on botanical medicine and their efficacy in veterinary practice. This research is expected to result in: identifying needed clinical trials, establishing standards for botanical medicine, recommended dosages of botanical medicine and recommended clinical procedures for their use.

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